Metal-clad switchgear
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Metal-Clad Switchgear Parameters
| Parameter name | Significance | |
|---|---|---|
| Rated voltage, kV | 6, 10 | 20 |
| Highest operating voltage, kV | 7,2, 12 | 24 |
| Rated current, A | ||
| — main circuits of switchgear | 630; 800; 1000; 1250; 1600; 2000; 2500; 3150, 4000* | 630; 1000; 1250; 1600; 2000; 2500; 3150 |
| — busbars | 1600; 2500; 3150, 4000* | 1600; 2500; 3150 |
| Rated current of current transformers, A | 100; 200; 300; 400; 600; 800; 1000; 1200; 1500; 2000; 3000; 4000 | 100; 200; 300; 400; 600; 800; 1000; 1200; 1500; 2000; 3000; 4000 |
| Rated tripping current of circuit breaker, kA. | 20; 25; 31,5; 40 | 20; 25; 31,5 |
| Thermal resistance current, kA | 20; 25; 31,5; 40 | 20; 25; 31,5 |
| Duration of thermal resistance current flow, s | ||
| — main current-carrying circuits | 3 | 3 |
| — grounding circuits | 1 | 1 |
| Electrodynamic resistance current, kA' | 51; 64; 81; 102 | 51; 64; 81 |
| Rated voltages of control and signaling circuits, V: | ||
| — at DC | 24 | 24 |
| — alternating current | 100; 220 | 100; 220 |
| — lighting circuits | 220 | 220 |
| Electrical insulation resistance, MOhm, not less: | ||
| — main current-carrying circuits | 1000 | 1000 |
| — control circuits and auxiliary circuits | 1 | 1 |
| Service life, years, not less | 30 | 30 |
| Degree of protection according to GOST 14254-96 | IP4X | IP4X |
| * Forced ventilation |
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The Ultimate Guide of Metal-clad Switchgear
Chapter 1
What is a metal clad switchgear?
Chapter 2
Components of Metal-clad Switchgear
Chapter 3
Advantages of Metal-clad Switchgear
Chapter 4
Applications of Metal-clad Switchgear
Chapter 5
Installation of Metal-clad Switchgear
Chapter 6
Maintenance of Metal-clad Switchgear
Chapter 7
What is difference between steel clad and metal-enclosed switchgear?
Chapter 8
Which is better metal-clad or gas insulated switchgear?
Chapter 9
Who is the manufacturer of Metal-clad Switchgear?
Chapter 1
What Is A Metal Clad Switchgear?
Metal-clad switchgear is a type of electrical distribution device that is used to control, protect, and isolate electrical equipment in medium voltage systems, typically ranging from 1 kV to 38 kV. It is called “metal-clad” because all live parts and switching components are enclosed in a grounded metal housing that prevents exposure to the operational environment.
Here are some key characteristics of metal-clad switchgear:
Compartmentalization: The switchgear is divided into several compartments separated by grounded metal barriers. Common compartments include those for the circuit breaker, the bus bars, the cable connections, and the low-voltage controls. This structure enhances safety by containing faults within the compartment, thereby protecting the entire switchgear assembly.
Circuit Breakers: Metal-clad switchgear typically utilizes vacuum or SF6 gas circuit breakers for interrupting the electric current. These breakers are housed in a withdrawable assembly that allows for easy maintenance and replacement without needing to de-energize the entire system.
Protection and Control: The switchgear includes various protective devices such as relays, meters, and control units. These are integrated into the low-voltage compartment and can interface with external control systems for monitoring and operation.
Safety Features: Safety is paramount in metal-clad switchgear. Features include interlocks to prevent incorrect operations, shutter mechanisms that cover live parts when the breaker is withdrawn, and grounded enclosures that provide additional protection against electrical shocks.
Standards Compliance: Metal-clad switchgear is designed to comply with international standards such as the IEC 62271 series, which covers high-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies. These standards ensure reliability, safety, and performance.
Chapter 2
Components Of Metal-Clad Switchgear
Circuit Breaker:
- This is the key component for protection and control in switchgear. It can interrupt fault currents and be operated manually or automatically. Types commonly used in metal-clad switchgear include vacuum circuit breakers and SF6 circuit breakers.
Busbars:
- These are thick strips of copper or aluminum that conduct electricity within the switchgear. They distribute power to various outgoing circuits and provide a common connection for incoming power sources.
Disconnect Switches (Isolators):
- These allow safe disconnection of various sections of the switchgear for maintenance or fault clearance. They ensure that the section being worked on is completely de-energized.
Instrument Transformers:
- Current Transformers (CTs) and Voltage Transformers (VTs) are used for measurement and protective signaling. CTs provide a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which is used for metering and protection. VTs, on the other hand, reduce high voltages to a lower, standardized level for meters and relays.
Protective Relays:
- These devices monitor the electrical circuits and automatically isolate parts of the network where they detect faults, overloads, or other irregularities.
Control Panels:
- These panels house control devices, metering equipment, protective relays, and other monitoring instruments. They provide interfaces for human control and for automation systems to interact with the switchgear.
Grounding Switches:
- These are designed to connect the circuit to earth ground safely. Grounding switches are crucial for the safety of maintenance activities, ensuring that circuits are properly earthed to avoid accidental energization.
Metal Enclosure:
- The metal enclosure houses all the components and provides mechanical protection and grounding for the system. It also isolates the compartments to prevent fault propagation from one compartment to another.
Ventilation:
- Proper ventilation is required to manage the heat produced by the switchgear during operation. This is crucial for maintaining performance and prolonging the lifespan of components.
Auxiliary Components:
- These include wiring, connectors, and other small components that support the primary functions of the switchgear.
Chapter 3
Advantages Of Metal-Clad Switchgear
Enhanced Safety: Metal-clad switchgear offers superior protection against arc flash incidents. The metal enclosures are grounded, and all live parts are enclosed within metal compartments. This configuration significantly reduces the risk of accidental contact and enhances the safety for operational personnel.
High Reliability: The design and construction of metal-clad switchgear provide a high level of reliability. The compartmentalized structure limits fault propagation, which means that a fault in one compartment can be isolated without affecting the operation of the entire system.
Durability: Metal-clad switchgear is built to last. The robust metal enclosures protect the internal components from environmental influences such as dust, moisture, and vermin, which contributes to a longer service life and reduced maintenance needs.
Ease of Maintenance: The compartmentalized design also facilitates easier and safer maintenance activities. Individual compartments can be accessed and serviced without disrupting the operation of other components. This feature allows for routine maintenance and testing without significant downtime.
Flexible Configuration: Metal-clad switchgear can be configured to meet specific requirements. It supports various configurations and is adaptable to future modifications or expansions. This flexibility is beneficial in adapting to changes in the electrical network or load conditions.
High Customization: IE-Supply’s metal-clad switchgear can be customized to meet specific customer needs, whether it’s integration with existing systems or specific control and protection functionalities.
Compliance with Standards: Our switchgear complies with international standards like the IEC, as well as local standards, ensuring compatibility and interoperability in diverse operating environments.
Chapter 4
Applications Of Metal-Clad Switchgear
Industrial Applications: Metal-clad switchgear is widely used in industrial settings such as manufacturing plants, processing facilities, and large workshops. It is crucial for distributing power efficiently and safely across extensive electrical networks within these facilities.
Utility Substations: It plays a vital role in electrical substations where it manages high voltage power transmission and transforms it into lower voltages suitable for distribution and consumption. Metal-clad switchgear ensures safe isolation and protection of high voltage circuits, which is essential for maintaining grid stability and reliability.
Commercial Buildings: Large commercial complexes, including shopping malls, office buildings, and entertainment centers, rely on metal-clad switchgear for effective power distribution and management. It ensures that power is safely distributed across different parts of the building, supporting various electrical loads and maintaining continuous power supply.
Data Centers: In data centers, reliable power distribution is critical. Metal-clad switchgear ensures that power supply is uninterrupted and protected from faults, which is crucial for the continuous operation of servers and IT equipment.
Hospitals and Critical Care Facilities: These facilities require uninterrupted power supply to ensure that critical medical equipment and systems operate without failure. Metal-clad switchgear provides the necessary reliability and fault protection, which is essential in these high-stakes environments.
Renewable Energy Systems: As the adoption of renewable energy sources like solar and wind increases, metal-clad switchgear is used to integrate these power sources into the grid. It helps in managing and protecting the electrical systems that collect and distribute the renewable energy produced.
If you have any more specific queries or need advice tailored to your particular situation, feel free to ask!
Chapter 5
Installation Of Metal-Clad Switchgear
1. Preparation
- Site Conditions: Ensure that the installation site is dry, free from dust, and has a stable temperature as recommended by the manufacturer (typically around 5°C to 40°C).
- Space Requirements: Verify that there is sufficient space for the switchgear and for operational and maintenance activities. IEC standards recommend specific clearances around the switchgear for safety and accessibility.
2. Unloading And Inspection
- Handling: Use appropriate lifting equipment to unload the switchgear. Avoid any sudden shocks or impacts that could damage the units.
- Inspection: Upon delivery, inspect for any external and internal damages during transit. Check all enclosures, doors, and panels for alignment.
3. Installation
- Floor Plan: Position the switchgear according to the floor plan layout, ensuring that all units align and match the site preparation guidelines.
- Grounding: Proper grounding is crucial for safety and performance. The switchgear should be grounded according to the IEC standards and local codes.
- Busbar Connections: If applicable, connect the busbars between switchgear sections. Ensure all connections are tight and correctly aligned to prevent electrical faults.
4. Electrical Connections
- Cable Termination: Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for cable entry and termination. Use the specified tools and accessories to ensure secure and reliable connections.
- Testing: Conduct insulation resistance tests and continuity checks on all circuits to ensure there are no open circuits or shorts.
5. Commissioning
- Operational Testing: Before putting the switchgear into operation, perform functional tests including protection relay settings and interlock operation checks to ensure all mechanisms work as intended.
- Documentation: Keep detailed records of all installation and testing procedures, which will be valuable for maintenance and future reference.
6. Safety And Compliance
- Safety Practices: Adhere to all local safety regulations and standards during installation. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) as required.
- Compliance: Ensure that the installation complies with IEC standards such as IEC 62271, which covers high-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies.
7. Maintenance
- Routine Checks: Schedule regular maintenance checks to ensure the switchgear operates reliably over its service life. Check for any signs of wear, insulation deterioration, or mechanical malfunction.
- Documentation Update: Update installation and maintenance records regularly to reflect any changes or upgrades.
Chapter 6
Maintenance Of Metal-Clad Switchgear
Routine Maintenance
Visual Inspections: Conduct quarterly visual inspections to check for signs of wear, damage, or contamination. Look for discolored or overheated components, signs of moisture, and accumulation of dust or dirt.
Mechanical Operations: Annually operate all mechanical linkages, including circuit breaker operations and door hinges, to ensure they function smoothly without excessive force or unusual noises.
Electrical Tests: Perform insulation resistance tests and contact resistance tests annually. These tests help detect deterioration in insulation and the integrity of the circuit breaker contacts.
Clean and Lubricate: Annually clean and lubricate all moving parts and surfaces. Use only lubricants recommended by the manufacturer to avoid damaging components.
Periodic Maintenance
Circuit Breaker Maintenance: Depending on the usage and manufacturer’s guidelines, circuit breakers may require more frequent maintenance, which could range from 1 to 5 years. This includes more detailed testing such as dynamic resistance measurements and vacuum bottle integrity tests.
Protection Relay Testing: Test all protection relays and associated circuits biennially to ensure they respond appropriately to fault conditions.
Grounding Systems: Check the integrity of the grounding system annually. A well-maintained grounding system is crucial for safety and the effective operation of protection devices.
Condition-Based Maintenance
Thermal Imaging: Use thermal imaging periodically to identify hot spots that are invisible to the naked eye. This can help predict potential failures in connections and components.
Partial Discharge Testing: For older installations or where high reliability is critical, consider conducting partial discharge testing to identify insulation defects before they lead to failures.
SF6 Gas Quality: In gas-insulated switchgear, monitor the SF6 gas quality, including density, pressure, and humidity. Check for signs of gas leaks periodically.
Long-Term Strategies
Upgrade and Retrofit: Evaluate the need for upgrades or retrofitting of older equipment with modern vacuum technology or improved control systems to enhance functionality and safety.
Training and Documentation: Ensure that all maintenance personnel are well-trained and that detailed maintenance records are kept. Updated documentation helps in planning maintenance activities and troubleshooting.
Safety Audits: Regularly audit maintenance procedures and safety practices to ensure compliance with internal and external safety standards, including those set by the IEC.
Chapter 7
What Is Difference Between Steel Clad And Metal-Enclosed Switchgear?
Construction and Material:
- Steel Clad Switchgear: This type typically features a construction where all live parts are enclosed in a metal casing made of steel. The steel cladding provides robust protection and is often used in high-voltage applications. The term “clad” usually implies a comprehensive protective covering that shields the internal components from environmental hazards and mechanical impacts.
- Metal-Enclosed Switchgear: While also enclosed in metal, this type of switchgear can use various metals, not just steel, and the construction might not be as heavy-duty as steel-clad units. Metal-enclosed switchgear provides a good level of protection but is often used for lower voltage applications compared to steel clad. The enclosure is designed to prevent human contact with energized parts and to protect the equipment from environmental factors.
Application and Use:
- Steel Clad Switchgear is generally more robust and suitable for higher voltage requirements, typically above 15 kV. It is preferred in settings where high durability and additional safety are paramount, such as in industrial plants and large commercial applications.
- Metal-Enclosed Switchgear is more versatile and can be used for both indoor and outdoor applications, typically ranging from medium to low voltage scenarios (up to 15 kV). It is common in commercial buildings, industrial sites, and utility substations where direct exposure to severe conditions is less likely.
Safety and Accessibility:
- Steel Clad Switchgear usually offers higher levels of safety due to its heavy-duty construction, which is better at containing internal arc faults. The maintenance might require more downtime as it is often more complex and integrated.
- Metal-Enclosed Switchgear often features compartments and sections that can be accessed without exposing the operator to the dangers of the energized parts. This makes it easier for routine maintenance and inspection.
Compliance with Standards:
- Both types of switchgear are designed to comply with international safety and operation standards, such as the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standards. The specific standards might vary, focusing on aspects like the design, construction, and performance to ensure they meet the safety and efficiency requirements for their intended use.
Chapter 8
Which Is Better Metal-Clad Or Gas Insulated Switchgear?
Metal-Clad Switchgear: Metal-clad switchgear is typically constructed with metal compartments that separate and protect the various components such as circuit breakers, buses, and transformers. It’s widely used for its robustness and reliability.
Advantages:
- Durability: Offers a high degree of protection and durability under harsh conditions.
- Maintainability: Easier to inspect, maintain, and repair. Components like circuit breakers can be removed or replaced without affecting other parts of the switchgear.
- Cost-Effective: Generally less expensive than gas insulated switchgear, making it a good choice for budget-conscious operations.
Disadvantages:
- Size: It occupies more space compared to gas insulated switchgear, which can be a limitation in urban areas or in facilities with limited space.
- Environmental Sensitivity: More susceptible to environmental conditions like dust, moisture, and vermin.
Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS): GIS uses a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas to insulate the conductors and circuit components. It is known for its compact design and is commonly used in urban areas where space is limited.
Advantages:
- Compact Design: Requires much less space than metal-clad switchgear, which can be crucial in dense urban environments.
- Less Environmental Impact: Offers increased protection against environmental conditions. The sealed design helps prevent contamination and increases the equipment’s reliability and lifespan.
- Higher Reliability: Less likely to be affected by external conditions, thus potentially offering higher operational reliability and reduced maintenance.
Disadvantages:
- Cost: Typically more expensive upfront compared to metal-clad switchgear.
- Inspection and Maintenance: Can be more challenging to maintain and inspect because the components are sealed within the gas chambers.
- Environmental Concern: SF6 gas is a potent greenhouse gas if it escapes into the atmosphere.
Which is Better? The choice between metal-clad and gas insulated switchgear often depends on specific application needs:
- Space Constraints: If space is a critical constraint, GIS might be the better choice.
- Budget: If initial investment costs are a concern, metal-clad might be more suitable.
- Operational Environment: For harsh environments with potential for contamination, GIS provides better protection.
- Maintenance and Accessibility: If regular maintenance access is necessary, metal-clad equipment might be advantageous.
Ultimately, the selection should be based on a detailed assessment of the operational requirements, environmental conditions, space availability, budget, and long-term maintenance capabilities. If you have specific conditions or requirements, those factors would play a crucial role in deciding the best type of switchgear for your needs.
Chapter 9
Who Is The Manufacturer Of Metal-Clad Switchgear?
IE-Supply is the manufacturer of Metal-clad switchgear, it mainly exports to Russia and other CIS countries. Our products are designed to meet the needs of our customers who are in high demand industries and we have customers like the State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid, CHINT, and ABB.
IE-Supply has three production lines metal-clad switchgear. We understand that you have different needs than other people. That’s why we offer customization. You can give us your drawings and tell us what you want, and we’ll make it for you. As part of our customization service, we provide free 2D and 3D drawings for you to approve before we start making your order.
We are committed to delivering quality and value. Our partnerships with industry leaders demonstrate our dedication to quality and value. We guarantee on-time delivery to ensure your projects stay on track. Discover how IE-Supply can revolutionize your electrical infrastructure projects.
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